![]() ![]() Though most of previous exercise-cognition researches have focused on aerobic exercises (e.g., brisk walk, jogging and treadmill), later studies have demonstrated resistance exercise ( Chang et al., 2012), dance ( Chuang et al., 2015 Kosmat & Vranic, 2016) or coordination training ( Voelcker-Rehage & Niemann, 2013) also could delay the decline of cognitive function. Research has indicated that a positive relationship exists between physical activity and executive function ( Salthouse, 2010). In particular, executive function consists of three sub-constructs: inhibition control, working memory, and task-switching ( Diamond, 2012 Miyake et al., 2000). Executive function refers to an established higher-order cognitive process of control and coordination that allows for behavioural adaptation to complex or novel situations ( Diamond, 2012). The decline in cognitive function, especially executive function, is impacted by ageing ( Colcombe & Kramer, 2003). The consequences of old age, including cognitive decline, has been an essential problem around the world ( Kurth, Cherbuin & Luders, 2017). Further studies should research the underlying mechanisms at the behavioural and neuroelectric levels, providing more evidence to explain the effect of high-cognitive demands exercise on different processing levels of cognition. However, due to the high cognitive demands of the exercise, Tai Chi benefit cognitive functions (Executive and non-Executive) in older adults more than brisk walking does. These findings demonstrated that regular participation in brisk walking and Tai Chi have significant beneficial effects on executive function and fitness. The TG showed shorter reaction time in the naming and the executive conditions, and more accurate in the inhibition conditions than the BG. There was no significant difference of reaction time (RT) and accuracy rate in the inhibition and delay conditions of cognitive tasks and fitness between the TG and BG. The results indicated that participants of the TG and BG revealed significant better performance than the CG in the executive condition of cognitive tasks and fitness. There were two experimental conditions in the digit comparison task: the non-delay condition and the delay condition. The Stroop task included the following three conditions: a naming condition, an inhibition condition and an executive condition. Each participant performed the Stroop task and a digit comparison task. They were categorized into the Tai Chi group (TG), the brisk walking group (BG) or the control group (CG). ![]() In total, 84 healthy older adults were enrolled in the study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the benefits of exercises with different cognitive demands for cognitive functions (Executive and non-Executive) in healthy older adults. ![]()
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